The idea of the additional strong attraction force due to the light trapped inside the stars [1] should reveal itself in numerous phenomena in addition to dark matter possible explanation. The easiest way to check the hypothesis of non-Keplerian behavior of stars is to repeat Tycho Brahe work for the Milky way center: the accurate mapping of stars orbits is already on its way by Hawaii telescope and will be probably completed in 20-50 years. In addition some hints about such possibility may come from the observations of the discrepancies in stellar dynamics as computed using third Kepler law. One of the hints comes from binaries: the mass-luminosity relation seems to be wrong, actual masses of the bright stars due to the additional gravity-like force from photons should be much higher [2]
Other discrepancies which include the presence of ultra-bright young stars (those stars hypothetically have especially high amounts of trapped light inside and thus are especially strongly underweighted by usual methods). I refer to the so-called super-virial young star clusters. It is a well established observational fact that the mass evaluation of star cluster from total luminosity and from virial theorem gives for young star clusters (full of young bright stars) the difference in 10 times. From virial theorem mass for young cluster is 10 times more compare to mass from luminosity (for old clusters, which have only old stars the masses are exactly the same) [3]. While those facts may be explained using some assumptions like binaries higher content, the explanation based on the underestimation of the effective "mass" of bright and ultra-bright stars using mass-luminosity ratio will be simpler and consistent with other facts. Indeed the young cluster is full of young short-lived stars where the amount of light trapped inside is especially high (thus making them especially "heavy"). Using the modern mass-luminosity the smaller mass is obtained. At the same time the virial distribution is created by the real forces, which are much stronger for bright stars and thus correspond to much higher spread of velocities (velocity dispersion). 10 times difference is a huge discrepancy and should be taken into the consideration. At the same time the old cluster have no or little amount of young stars (they all gone), only weak stars are left with much smaller amount of trapped light thus making such cluster closer to non-luminous objects (pure baryonic matter like planets) with more correct evaluation of mass using mass-luminosity relation.
The other hint for the problem with Keplerian mass determination comes from triple stars. Algol triple system is a close one and well investigated [4]. The problem with the mass and luminosity of Algol Aa2 star, which is close to bright main star Aa1. Because the stars may be resolved completely, the masses of them all were determined using the Kepler law and relative velocities measurements [5]. The absolute luminosity is also easy to measure. Spectral type of all three stars is confirmed after resolution of internal binary. The results gives for Aa2 star the spectral type of K0IV (whish should have luminosity of 10-42% of solar and mass below solar mass) the mass of 0.7 of solar and luminosity of 7 Suns, what is way too much for such type of the star.
However, since this star is a binary with especially bright star Aa1 (182 Suns) the additional gravitation-like force should be especially high. It means that the real masses of all three stars are much higher. For the internal pair Aa1 and Aa2 the real sum of mass is more underestimated than for the second pair (Aa1+Aa2 and Ab), because for the second pair the luminosity-related "gravity" is diluted by the presence of weak star Aa2 (the sum of bright and dim star will looks like more baryonic component). Then the masses of Aa1 and Aa2 will grow higher (say 2 times higher) compare to mass of Ab star (say 1,5 times larger), which will bring mass of Aa2 to the normal level comparable with luminosity while shifting the Ab star toward the more correct position on the mass-luminosity curve, but not throwing it off.
Modern explanation of the Algol star Aa2 as being stripped of matter due to direct mass transfer to Aa1 (too close pair) will not allow easy explanation why it is so luminous (the measurements are especially easy because all three stars may be considered as being at the same distance from Earth with high enough accuracy), and the relative measurements of luminosity should not be a problem.
Taken together, those discrepancies (mass-luminosity curve from binaries [2], supervirial young clusters and triple stars like Algol) are additional hints toward the inconsistency of present understanding of stars mass origin and to the absence of dark matter.
References.
1. https://tipikin.blogspot.com/2019/10/
2. https://tipikin.blogspot.com/2019/11/
3. https://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/full/2006/12/aa4177-05/aa4177-05.right.html
https://arxiv.org/pdf/0911.1557.pdf
4. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algol
5. https://arxiv.org/abs/1205.0754
6. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K-type_main-sequence_star
http://www.solstation.com/stars3/100-ks.htm
No comments:
Post a Comment