One of the direct consequences of the gravitational dipole quantization is the necessity of the presence of the gravitational dipole even for photon [1,2]. Indeed, for the quantization rule of Bohr-Plank the gravitational dipole would be:
mr=Nh/v
and for quantization according to quantum electrodynamics (and Feynman-Einstein):
mr=h/v*(1/2+N)
where mr is the gravitational dipole, h - Planks constant, v - is the velocity of the particle.
For the ultra-relativistic particles v~c and for photons v=c (the very small deviation from c due to the non-zero hypothetical mass of photon may be omitted).
Than any ultra-relativistic particle and photon must have the non-zero gravitational dipole, which is at least 1/2*h/c or h/c (depending upon the quantization rule).
Thus even in the case of the zero mass of photon the gravitational dipole is not zero (despite the value h/(2c) is enormously small). That opened the interesting way to explain the red shift of light without Doppler effect - this is tired light based on new physical principle - gravitational dipole is oscillating on the travel of the photons and photon is shedding the gravitoelectromagnetic radiation (in the way similar to oscillation of the electric dipole radiating around). Evaluations shows, however, that if the gravitational dipole of photon is 1/2*h/c (minimum value) even oscillations with frequency of light (6*10exp(14) Hz for green light) is not fast enough to re-create the Hubble shift (lost of energy of around 0.5% for green photon for the distance of 20 Megaparsecs). Only if it is assumed that the gravitational dipole is oscillating with much higher frequency of c/λ, where λ is Compton length for electron (the quantum vacuum fluctuation length, λ=h/mc) the value of the energy radiated is in agreement with the Hubble constant. Such idea also prevents the enormously strong dispersion - proportional to the fourth power of frequency- inevitably would be observed during Hubble time. Indeed, the blue color of the sky is because of this frequency in the power of four dependence and the Hubble shift would be very distorting spectra if the oscillation of the gravitational dipole is determined by the frequency of light.
Another implication is that the value N in the formula for gravitational dipole of photon may be very high and not easy to estimate. But in any case such mechanism (in the case of the quantization of the gravitational dipole [1,2] is real) will offer the alternative way to explain the red shift without any Big Bang hypothesis and making the Universe possibly infinite and eternal (or at least enormously big and old).
References.
1.The quest for new physics. An experimentalist approach - published by Morebooks on December 2021.
